Note: This site was last updated
in April 2010
Project Protoball
Supporting
Research on the Origins of Baseball
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A Big Handful of Chronologies – Each Comprising
Short Historical Entries on the Evolution of Ballplaying through 1862, with
Bibliographic Sources. The master chronology now contains 1150 entries. New! Eleven
new sub-chronologies -- on ballplaying in the American South, in the military,
and in several
New! The Spread of
Modern Base Ball in the New York City Area
Data on the locations in Greater
Expanded! Protoball’s Glossary of
Ball Games
The names and short descriptions for over 210 species
of game – most of them safe-haven games. This list includes both antique and contemporary
games. If you know of missing games please submit them; we all might as well be
working from the same master list.
New! Ballplaying in the
Civil War Camps
An inventory of 152 accounts – some very brief --
to ballplaying by Civil War soldiers. About two-thirds of which these not included
in recent books on the base ball in the War, having been recently located in
digital searches. And a five-page summary of fact and fiction in the role of the War in
making base ball into
A Bibliography of Key Writings on
Early Ballplaying
365 Histories and other references that cover safe-haven ballplaying up
to 1871. A second version of the bibliography
is organized in chronological order.
This bibliography comprises the holding of the Buzz McCray Collection on
Early Ballplaying, plus other sources that we can’t afford to buy.
Summary Tables of over 1500 Game Accounts through
1860 -- each including date played, the news article reference, playing site,
and many listings that include excerpts from the actual newspaper account. Over 1200 of the games are from the
40 Currently Active Origins Researchers and What
They’re Working On
Current and
Recent Digging on Origins
Brief notes on 39 current researchers, and their recent and ongoing work
Some Ways to Join in Research on Early Ball Play
Who We Are, What We Think We’re Up To, and Our Free Services to
Researchers
Some Notes on the Use of this Site
5 Smart and Large-Hearted People Who Guided the Launch of Protoball
Research Questions?
Suggestions? Corrections? Tell Us About Them
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Special Feature –
Ballmaking in the Protoball Era
Rob Loeffler Gives a Chronology of Ballmaking up to 1870 – and lists 32
Ballmakers, 1858 to 1890
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Active Researchers and Their Special Interests
[Note: for more detail on some diggers’ current work, go here.]
A.
Regional Focus
At Large – Bill Wagner
Capitol Area of NYS -- Craig Waff
Central MA -- Dixie Tourangeau
Chicago and the old “NW Territory” -- John
Freyer
Eastern Shore MD -- Marty Payne
B. Thematic Focus
19th Century Rules – Eric
Miklich
Alexander Cartwright – Monica Nucciarone
Antecedents to Base Ball in the
Ballmaking – Rob Loeffler
Ballplaying Equipment -- Bob
Schaefer, Jerry Casway
Baserunning -- Larry McCray
English Rounders 1820-1870 Larry McCray
General Knowledge -- John
Thorn
Gloves – David Arcidiacono
Henry Chadwick -- Andrew Schiff
Length of Games – Phil Lowry
Newspaper Coverage -- Andrew Schiff, Craig Waff
Spread of
Town Ball – Richard Hershberger, David Nevard
US Cricket -- Larry McCray
Wicket – Larry McCray, John Thorn
The basic idea of this site is to make material available to researchers
so that they can use it and improve it.
If you’re interested in working on early ballplaying, you can help by:
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This site operates under the general operating philosophy of Retrosheet:
researchers and others are free to use the information compiled on the site,
but you must acknowledge the Protoball website in your writings if its
information proves materially useful in those writings.
The data on this site are not guaranteed to be accurate, nor to adhere
to common standards of publishability.
We are attempting to identify and remove any errors, but need the help
of you and other researchers in doing so, particularly because the Project does
not itself possess many of the original sources that are cited and used for the
site. Our policy is to ventilate
questionable material [noted as such, especially in comments labeled as “Caution” are “Caveat”] in order to determine if it is reliable.
For security reasons, readers cannot put comments directly to the
Protoball site. However, we may at some
point to conduct a moderated discussion of open issues and research ideas. To suggest specific points that might be
added to particular entries on the Protoball Chronology, or to other site
features, contact Larry McCray at lmccray@mit.edu.
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Origins: Project Protoball was conceived when it
became clear that interesting new finds were still being added to our store of
knowledge about the origins of baseball . . . and about earliest forms of
ballplaying.
A few years ago, John Thorn and Tom Heitz assembled a helpful chronology
of early baseball, one that listed about 70 key documented events from 2000 BC
to the Civil War. In 2000, Tom Altherr
published a prize-winning paper in Nine
that included scores of new citations to “baseball-like” games from 1621 to
1830. Our project began as an attempt to
build, and to maintain, a comprehensive tabulation of such evidence, adding
bibliographic sources for each.
Aims: Our central objective is to provide a wide
range of primary and secondary information on the evolution of ballplaying to
today’s researchers, so that they can identify interesting patterns readily --
and do so without chasing after elusive texts stored in libraries and personal
collections around the globe.
We also believe that this website provides a way to remove unsupported
claims from the literature. Some early
histories included plain errors, and some included generalizations that were
not supported by evidence that came to light in later years.
The Chronologies: Our central online document is the Protoball
Chronology, a listing of primary sources on known events in ballplaying. Owing to recent finds by [most importantly]
in David Block’s stunning 2005 book, Baseball
Before We Knew It, in John Thorn’s recent research, and to a fresh
scouring of the research notes of Harold Seymour and the 1905 Mills Commission
files, the current version has about 1150 entries. Recently, 27 “sub-chronologies have been
added on topical areas – ballplaying on campus, in the military, by African
Americans, etc.
The primary focus of the chronology, like the Protoball effort itself,
is on what some term “bat-and-ball” games, but which are called “safe-haven”
games at this site. [The desire is to
understand the evolution of ballgames that involve bases -- where runners are
magically immune from harm -- and not to spotlight the many other games that
employ striking clubs, such as golf, hurling, lawn tennis and other racquet
sports, croquet, field hockey, lacrosse, and such ancient non-base games as
soule, trap ball, bandy, kingball, ballstock, and northern spel.] The site’s current time range is from
Antiquity to 1862, with information now being collected for the years 1863-1871
for later inclusion. The idea is that
1871 represents the beginning of the Pro Era and the end of the Protoball era.
Source Materials: The Project’s files include a [often sparsely filled] folder for each entry in the chronology, and about twelve shelf-feet of baseball histories, each of which has at least nominal coverage of ballplaying prior to the advent of the Pro Era.
Need a Hand? We are happy to consult with site
visitors about these assembled sources to help answer questions, to supply
current Word versions of our documents upon request, and mail photocopies of
requested file materials at cost, and to look up material held in the Buzz
McCray Collection on Early Ballplaying.
The Project is centered at the
The Project has close ties to the
Society for American Baseball Research
Protoball’s expenses are met, in
part, by funds received from the late
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Priscilla Astifan,
Evelyn Begley,
Tom Ruane,
George Thompson, New
John Thorn,
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Other Special Contributions -- The Project is particularly indebted
to John
Thorn
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To contact the Protoball Project by email, write to lmccray@mit.edu.
The mailing address:
The Protoball Project
Some Research Reports: Project Updates
Note: These
brief summaries are taken from “The Next
Destin’d Post,” a minimalist research summary updated every so often. If you would like to be added to the email
list for this update or have news to report, contact Larry McCray.
Tom Altherr [
Tom has revised a paper he
presented at NASSH in 2006 [“Chucking the Old Apple: Recent Discoveries in
Pre-1839 North American Ball Games History”] for possible publication. His 2007
contribution at the
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David Arcidiacono [
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Priscilla Astifan [Rochester NY] and a colleague discuss the
predecessor game to Knicks-style base ball in upstate New York in
“Old-Fashioned Base Ball” in Western New York, 1825-1860,” which appeared in the fall 2008 issue of Base Ball. The article notes
that until 1860 the unusually unnamed earlier game was still played
competitively in several places. About
20 news accounts from that time, and from later accounts of a number of “throwback”
games, allow a partial picture of the nature of that earlier game. Strong similarity to the Massachusetts Game
is found. [December 2008]
Priscilla is expanding her earlier work on early base ball in
--
David Block [San Francisco] contributed an article to
the spring 2008 issue of Base Ball on
what is recognized as the earliest appearance of the word “base-ball,” the John
Newbery’s 1744 Little Pretty Pocket-Book. David examines some remaining mysteries of
this source [which gives us that ringing phrase, “the next destin’d post”]
including whether we can claim 1744 as the year “base-ball” first saw print
when no editions of the book are available prior to 1760, and whether the
absence of a bat in the relevant woodcut means that the bat hadn’t yet joined
the game – one can, of course, “bat” a ball with one’s hands, and the text only
refers to a ball that is “struck off.” [December 2008]
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“Gentlemen at the Bat” is the working title of Howard Burman’s [
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Jerry Casway’s [
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Kyle DeCicco-Carey [
Kyle is researching early
base ball on the southern coast of
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Researcher and author John Freyer
[Chicago] reports that his interest is still Chicago-area baseball from back
before the National League. Among other
feats, he has accumulated every
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The Vintage Base Ball Association’s [VBBA] recently-installed president
is Glenn Drinkwater [
--
Murray Dubin and Daniel
Biddle are completing a book on the civil rights movement in the US in the
19th century, tentatively titled There
Must Come a Change: Murder, Baseball and the Battle for Equality in Civil War
America. The book, slated for 2010 release, will
include a chapter covering black baseball and the effort to integrate pro
baseball in the late 1860s by the Pythians in
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César Gonzalez [
--
Brock Helander [
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Richard Hershberger [
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Beth Hise [
Long-term preparation for a special exhibit on cricket and baseball is under way by Beth. The exhibit is slated for spring of 2010 at
Lord’s Cricket Ground in
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The UK Chapter of SABR is preparing to resume publication of The Examiner, which has given us several
accounts of members’ research on English ballplaying [see http://www.sabruk.org/examiner/index.html.]
Martin Hoerchner [Kent,
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In addition to helping lead the Boston SABR Chapter and pushing along an
anthology of Deadball Era baseball poetry, Joanne
Hulbert [Holliston MA is working on a local project that brings together
the histories of the Massachusetts game and the NY Game as they impacted one
small town -- Holliston. She sees a big
story in these local events. She says
that when one wanders around among the ghosts of the game, the stories are
impressive: they involve triumph and tragedy, sex and violence, pathos and
drama. Besides, she lives in the
original Mudville, and that’s part of the story. Her tentative title: For Fun, Money or Marbles: How Baseball
Transformed a Perfectly Good Town.
She hasn’t set a target date for publication yet. [January 2008]
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John Husman [
--
A book-length evaluative history of baseball from 1845 to 1857 --
Knickerbocker Base Ball -- is occupying Fred
Ivor-Campbell [
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Wendy Knickerbocker's [Castine ME] main baseball research interest is Billy Sunday. However, she is
also interested in American cultural history in general, and while doing
research on a book about a contemporary of Ralph Waldo Emerson, she was
delighted to find [and to submit for the Protoball chronology] an entry on
baseball from Emerson's journals. It was while reading Emerson's journals to
get a handle on Emerson’s friendship with
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Jim Lannen [
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Jeremy LeBlanc [West Boylston MA] is particularly
interested in the period between 1830 and 1870, and in black baseball before
the Negro Leagues.
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A chronology of the evolution of ballmaking has been assembled by Rob Loeffler [Rancho Santa Margarita
CA]. It appears elsewhere
on this Protoball site. Rob has a
collection of photos of well over 200 19th C baseballs and is
analyzing them to estimate their size and weight. [March
2007]
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Base Ball Discovered continues to charm audiences. The MLB Advanced Media documentary on
baseball’s origins, written and produced by Sam Marchiano [
MLB Advanced Media is preparing a full-length documentary on the origins
of baseball. Directed by Sam, Origins of the Game traces baseball back
to its early roots, and shows why predecessor games from outside the
MLB Advanced Media runs the website MLB.com. Sam, who has covered ports for nearly 20
years, has worked there since 2003, receiving two Emmy nominations, including
one for the 2006 documentary Vintage Base
Ball.
The documentary is scheduled to be released online at about the All-Star
break of 2008. Online viewing will be
free, with downloads available at a fee.
"The Next Destin’d Post will provide additional details on the
release of The Origins of the Game"
when they become available. [January 2008]
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Larry McCray [
Larry is succeeding Mike Ross [
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Wayne McElreavy [
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The earliest days of
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Eric Miklich [
Eric, author of a compendium of 19th Century rule changes, is currently
researching information on the history of pitching deliveries for an article
for his website, www.19cbaseball.com.
Eric is hoping to release a new book on base ball in the 1860’s by next
summer. This book, written in part with
the perspective of someone with extensive VBB experience, will offer
suggestions of why certain rules evolved as they did. [January
2008]
The next book from Peter Morris [Haslett
MI] will be Catcher: How the Man Behind
the Plate Became an Iconic American Folk Hero, due out in spring 2009. The book centers on the later professional
era, but also covers the catchers of the 1860s.
Along with Richard Malatzky
and John Thorn, Peter is guiding The Pioneer Project toward print. The project goal is to comprise histories of
a large number of the oldest base ball clubs, including many from the 1850s and
1860s. The two dozen writers now at
their drafting tables include David
Arcidiacono, Priscilla Astifan, David Ball, Fred Burwell, John Bowman, Frank
Ceresi, Ben Dettmer, Scott Fiesthumel, Robert Gregory, César Gonzalez, Richard
Hershberger, Bill Humber, Jeff Kittel, Angus Macfarlane, Richard Malatzky,
Peter Morris, Greg Perkins, Jeff Sackmann, Trey Strecker, John Thorn, Dixie
Tourangeau, Brian Turner, Craig Waff, and John Zinn. For more details on the project, go to;
http://www.petermorrisbooks.com/pioneer_project.htm.
[December 2008
SABR’s Seymour Medal, awarded to “the best book of baseball history or biography from the previous year,” was awarded to Peter for the amazing two-volume Game of Inches [Ivan R. Dee, 2006]. He thinks of his book as “a never-ending project,” and in that vein he is posting updates to the book on his website at http://www.petermorrisbooks.com. Peter reports that the work has gone through several printings, with sales of about 4000 copies.
Peter’s next publication will be But
Didn’t We Have Fun, which examines the first generation of ballplayers, and
is based on “dozens of previously unpublished or unavailable
reminiscences.” It is slated for release
in March 2008. [January 2008].
Peter’s latest book is Level Playing Fields:
How the
Groundskeeping Murphy Brothers Shaped Baseball. It includes coverage of the
development of early ball fields before 1872.
Peter’s next project is a textbook on the history of baseball from
1840-1870, and will include the scoop from many new sources that Peter has
turned up. [March 2007]
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David Nevard [
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“The Cartwright Conundrum: Fact
and Fiction of Cartwright’s Baseball Legacy” was the subject of a poster
session by Monica Nucciarone at the
SABR 36 convention. She is in the
rewrite phase of her treatise on Alexander Cartwright, and may present some
results at the St. Louis SABR convention.
She spent part of last April doing research in
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Pre-Civil War town ball in
--
Dennis Pajot [
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Marty Payne [Saint Michaels MD] continues to explore
the influence of the advent of the New York Game on rural towns. He is finding that The New York game
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Had you assumed that stoolball is now only to be found in very old
English love poems? Wrong. John
and Kay Price [
Contemporary interest in stoolball has been expressed in Roujan in
southern France, where a club from Kent has been hosted during the last two
Easter holidays; in Augusta, Maine, where re-enactment games have been played;
in India, where ten states have joined the Indian Stoolball Federation; in
Pakistan, where another Stoolball Federation has formed; in Japan, where
stoolball broadcasts may be relayed on TV in the coming year; and in Thailand,
where schools have shown interest. John
and Kay are also working with Beth Hise on including stoolball in the 2010
exhibition on early ballplay at Lord’s.
[December 2008]
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A narrative history of baseball from 1845 to the Civil War is being put
together by Bill Ryczek [
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SABR-UK maintains an interest in the origins of
baseball. A handsome compilation of articles on the English roots of baseball
in 1995-2003 issues of the SABR-UK Examiner has been produced
by Martin Hoerchner [
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Dan Selz [
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Andrew Schiff [
--
John Schiffert [
--
Bob Tholkes [
--
George Thompson [
--
John Thorn’s [
1845, here comes John to show us that an earlier club, one with close
connections to taverns, to decidedly ungenteel personages, and to political
strongmen. His note: “It must have rankled the ballplaying
Knickerbockers that they had to share . . . their game with a bunch of
ruffians.” [December 2008]
Conceived and edited by John, the new McFarland offering Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game
will be appearing soon. The inaugural
issue will have several substantial articles on pre-1870 ballplaying, including
Joanne Hulbert’s work on Fast Day in
--
Craig Waff [
In the process of amassing the mega-table, Craig has found newspaper
accounts of three early triple plays and what may be the first “over-the-fence”
home run. Craig is now researching the
1860 tours of the Brooklyn Excelsiors and is preparing essays on the Atlantic,
Star, and
Trained in the history of science, Craig is focusing for now on early
ball in
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The
Evolution of the Baseball Up To 1872
Contributed by Rob Loeffler, 3/1/2007
Rancho
The following chronology represents key points in the development of the baseball in the time period of the early 1800s to 1872. The information listed is based on research that I have been conducting on the development of the baseball in the 19th Century over the last 6 years. Any additional information to further refine this timeline would be greatly appreciated.
Pre-1845: Baseballs are constructed of cores consisting of nuts, bullets, rocks or shoe rubber gum and even sturgeon eyes [1a – 1d] wrapped with yarn and covered in leather or sheepskin in the lemon-peel style or the belt/gusset ball style. Both cover styles are identical to those used in feathery golf balls from the 1700s. Typically homemade, the sizes ranged anywhere from 5.1 to 9.8 inches in circumference and could weigh anywhere from 1 oz. to 7 oz. with the typical baseball weighing 3 oz. Because outs were made by “soaking” a runner in the game of rounders or town ball, the early baseballs were typically lighter. [1e]
1845 – 1854: The Knickerbockers developed and adopted the New York Game style of baseball in September 1845 in part to play a more dignified game that would attract adults. The removal of the “soaking” rule allowed the Knickerbockers to develop a harder baseball that was more like a cricket ball. [1e]
Dr. D.L. Adams of the
Knickerbocker team stated that he produced baseballs for the various teams in
1854: Joint rules committee at Smith’s Tavern,
1858:
William Cutler of
Harrison Harwood develops the first baseball factory
1860: National Association of Baseball Players rules specifies that “The ball must weigh not less than five and three-fourths, nor more than six ounces avoirdupois. It must measure not less than nine and three-fourths, nor more than ten inches in circumference. It must be composed of India rubber and yarn, and covered with leather, and, in all match games, shall be furnished by the challenging club, and become the property of the winning club, as a trophy of victory.” [5a]
1863: Weeks patents the cork center ball for use in cricket [6a]
1863 - 1866: National Association of Baseball Players rules specifies that “The ball must weigh not less than five and one-half, nor more than five and three-fourths ounces, avoirdupois. It must measure not less than nine and one-half, nor more than nine, and three-fourths inches in circumference. It must be composed of India-rubber and yarn, and covered with leather, and, in all match games, shall be furnished by the challenging club, and become the property of the winning club as a trophy of victory.” [7a]
1860s – 1870: At least 9 manufacturers are producing baseballs during this time period, including 1) Harwood and Sons, Natick, MA, 2) Ryan and Harvey Ross, NY, 3) John Van Horn, NY, 3) Edward Horsman, NY, 4) Andrew Peck and Co., 5) Peck and Snyder, 6) Rice, NY, 7) S.W. Brock, NY, 8) George Ellard, Cincinnati, OH, and 9) John Whiting, NY. [ 8a]. One NY manufacturer is reported to have produced 162,000 baseballs in 1870 alone. [8b]
1870: The New York Rubber Company reportedly manufactures a ball with a rubber cover which is deemed a failure for baseball uses because the rubber cover tears easily.
1872: National Association of Baseball Players rules specifies that “The ball must weigh not less than five nor more than five and one quarter ounces avoirdupois. It must measure not less than nine nor more than nine inches and one-quarter inches in circumference. It must be composed of India rubber and yarn, and covered with leather. The quantity of rubber used in the composition of the ball shall be one ounce, and the rubber used shall be vulcanized and in mould form. The ball is required to weigh not less than 5 and not more than 5 1/4 ounces, with a circumference of not less than 9 and not more than 9 1/4 inches.” [9a]
REFERENCES
[1a]. Woodbury Reporter, March 6, 1926. 70 Years Ago, Youths Made Balls at Home.
George F. Morris, a Woodbury resident, recalls that overshoes were made from pure rubber gum and were salvaged by boys when they were worn out. Strips of rubber from the ball, wound into an egg-sized ball and baked in an oven until the rubber could be pressed into a solid ball. Yarn was then wound around the ball and a cobbler would be paid $ 0.25 to sew on a cover.
[1b].
Base Balls. Manner and Extent of the Manufacture in this Country – How they were Made Fifty Years Ago – Gradual Growth of the Business – Preparing for the Next Season’s Trade – Dead Balls Going Out of Favor – Ball Makers’ Wages.
An article discussing the early development of the baseballs. This article discusses the use of overshoe rubber to make a core for the baseball. In the lake regions, sturgeon eyes were used as a core. The article also discusses the business of making baseballs in the 1870s and 1880s.
[1c]. New York Times, April 30, 1871
Base Balls. Manner and Extent of the Manufacture in this Country – How they were Made Fifty Years Ago – Gradual Growth of the Business – Preparing for the Next Season’s Trade – Dead Balls Going Out of Favor – Ball Makers’ Wages.
An article discussing the early development of the baseballs. This article discusses the use of overshoe rubber to make a core for the baseball. In the lake regions, sturgeon eyes were used as a core. The article also discusses the business of making baseballs in the 1870s and 1880s.
[1d]. Major League Baseball Official Program, American League Championship Series, 1996
An article by Tim Wiles, titled “What a Ball” about the history of the baseball.
[1e]. Gilbert, 1995, Elysian Fields, The Birth of Baseball, pg.
16 – 17.
Includes a discussion of the Knickerbockers development of a harder baseball due to the removal of the “soaking” rule.
[2a]. Sporting News, February 29, 1896
Dr. D.L. Adams, Memoirs of the Father of Baseball. Dr. Adams reminisces about the early days of baseball when he was member of the Knickerbockers. Dr. Adams recalls that for six or seven years, he made all of the baseballs for his team as well as the other local teams. He discusses that he would use three or four ounces of rubber cuttings, wound with yarn and then covered with leather. It was not until 1858 that he found a saddler that would produce the ball for them.
Sullivan reprints this article in Early Innings, A Documentary History of Baseball, 1825-1908, pages 13-18.
[3a]. Peverelly, 1866, The Book of American Pastimes, pgs. 346 – 348.
An annual joint meeting between the Knickerbockers, Gotham
and Eagle clubs was held on April 1, 1854 at Smith’s Tavern in
[4a].
The Massachusetts Association of Base Ball Players convened
to codify the rules of the Massachusetts Game
[4b]. Bob Schaefer, http:/groups.yahoo.com/group/19cBB/message/2146
Mr. Schaefer indicates that he received information from the
Natick Historical Society that Col. William Cutler designed the figure 8 ball
cover in his kitchen at
[4c]. Natick Baseball Factory, http:/www.natickhistory.com/timeline/baseball.html
A small article on the Natick Baseball Factory by the Natick Historical Society and Museum. I have a photo of a lemon peel ball and it’s box that Harwood manufactured, indicating that they made both types of baseballs.
[5a]. 1860 National Association of Baseball Players, Rules
and Regulations Adopted by the National Association of Baseball Players -
[6a]. In 1863, an Englishman named Weeks patented a cork center ball for cricket. http://webusers.npl.uiuc.edu/~a-nathan/pob/evolution.html
Although not directly related to the baseball before the 1870s, this fact is important to the later development of the baseball. In 1910, George Reach developed the first cork-centered baseball.
[7a]. 1866 National Association of Baseball Players, Rules
and Regulations Adopted by the National Association of Baseball Players, Held
in
Although this rule is commonly associated with 1866, these ball dimensions were in use by the National Association of Baseball Players on December 1863. The 1863 rules can be found in the 1864 edition of The American Boy’s Book of Sports and Games, pgs. 89-93.
[8a]. Robert Loeffler, 19th Century Baseball Manufacturers
[8b]. New York Times, April 30, 1871.
Bats, Balls and Mallets. Concerning the Implements of Base-Ball - Facts, Figures and Fancies About the Trade- Neglected Cricket and Fascinating Croquet – Games that Have Gone Out, and Games That Ought to Come In – A Plea for Ladies’ Archery Meetings.
[9a]. The Rules of Baseball for 1873, as Revised by the National Association in 1872. http://wiki.vbba.org/index.php/Rules/1873
19th Century Baseball Manufacturers
1. Harwood Baseball Factory – 1858 –
1890s
Corner of
2. Andrew Peck & Co. – 1858 –
mid-1860s
105 Nassau Street, N.Y.
Civil War – obit)
3. John C. Whiting -
87 Fulton Street, P.O. Box 2217
4. John Van Horn – 1860s - 1870s
No.
5. Ryan and Harvey Ross –
Park Avenue
6. Rice –
7. Edward I. Horsman – 1862 to late
124 South Sixth Street
80, 82,
8. Peck and Snyder – late
105 Nassau Street,
address)
May 1st 1870)
94. George Ellard –
143 Main Street
1869 and 1870)
10. Waugh – Early 1870's
222 and
11. Ward B. Snyder –
84 Fulton Street,
12. S.W. Brock –
Nassau Street
13. S.W. Rice and Co. –
147 Fulton Street
in 1870)
14. J. Ryan and Co. –
121 Nassau Street
championship ball in 1873)
15. A.J. Reach Co., – 1874 – 1883 and beyond
16. Phillip Goldsmith and Sons, Inc. 1875 – 1899
17. Josh Giblin – 1875
18. A.G. Spalding & Bros. – 1876 – 1899
108
126 – 130
beginning in 1878)
19. Samuel Hipkiss – 1876
20. Wolf Fletcher – 1876
21. Mahn Sporting Goods Company – 1877 - 1880s
cover in 1876)
22. W.B. Carr and Co./Wilson and Carr – late
136 N. Portland Avenue
Eagle office
245 and 247 Gold Street,
23. Wright and Ditson Sporting Goods –
970
in existence)
24 Charles Edwards –
61 Fulton Street
25. J. Carr and Seaman –
245 Gold Street
26. J. Shibe Co. –
223 North Eighth Street
27. T.F. Griffins –
36 Gold Street
28. Samuel Castle – 1883
29. Thomas Taylor – 1883
30. Keefe and Becannon – 1884 - 1890s
157 Broadway,
ball)
31. Ben Newell – 1889
32. Overman Wheel Co. –
23 Warren Street